Surgeons have performed the world’s first transplant of an entire human eye, an extraordinary addition to a face transplant – although it’s far too soon to know if the man will ever see through his new left eye.

An accident with high-voltage power lines had destroyed most of Aaron James’ face and one eye.

His right eye still works. But surgeons at NYU Langone Health hoped replacing the missing one would yield better cosmetic results for his new face, by supporting the transplanted eye socket and lid.

The NYU team announced on Thursday that so far, it’s doing just that.

Whole Eye Transplant
Aaron James speaks during an interview, accompanied by his wife, Meagan (AP Photo/Joseph. B. Frederick)

James is recovering well from the dual transplant last May and the donated eye looks remarkably healthy.

“It feels good. I still don’t have any movement in it yet. My eyelid, I can’t blink yet. But I’m getting sensation now,” Mr James told the Associated Press as doctors examined his progress recently.

“You got to start somewhere, there’s got to be a first person somewhere,” added James, 46, of Hot Springs, Arkansas.

“Maybe you’ll learn something from it that will help the next person.”

Whole Eye Transplant
Aaron James with his wife before his June 2021 high-voltage electricity accident (NYU Langone Health via AP)

Today, transplants of the cornea – the clear tissue in front of the eye – are common to treat certain types of vision loss.

But transplanting the whole eye: the eyeball, its blood supply and the critical optic nerve that must connect it to the brain; is considered a massive step in the quest to cure blindness.

Whatever happens next, Mr James’ surgery offers scientists an unprecedented window into how the human eye tries to heal.

“We’re not claiming that we are going to restore sight,” said Dr Eduardo Rodriguez, NYU’s plastic surgery chief, who led the transplant.

“But there’s no doubt in my mind we are one step closer.”

Some specialists had feared the eye would quickly shrivel like a raisin. Instead, when Rodriguez propped open Mr James’ left eyelid last month, the donated hazel-coloured eye was as plump and full of fluid as his own blue eye. Doctors see good blood flow and no sign of rejection.

Now researchers have begun analysing scans of James’ brain that detected some puzzling signals from that all-important but injured optic nerve.

One scientist who has long studied how to make eye transplants a reality called the surgery exciting.

“It’s an amazing validation” of animal experiments that have kept transplanted eyes alive, said Dr Jeffrey Goldberg, chair of ophthalmology at Stanford University.

James was working for a power line company in June 2021 when he was shocked by a live wire. He nearly died. He lost his left arm, requiring a prosthetic. His damaged left eye was so painful it had to be removed.

He had to undergo a face transplant – only the 19th in the US – in a 21-hour operation made more complicated by the additional eye transplant.